HSPA (High-Speed Packet Access)

is a packet-based mobile telephony
protocol used in 3G/3.5G UMTS radio networks to increase data capacity and speed up transfer rates. HSPA, which evolved from the WCDMA
standard, provides download speeds at least five times faster than earlier versions, allowing users of HSPA networks a broader selection of video and music downloads. HSPA data transfer speeds can go up to 1
Mbps.

3G
With 3G services you can make video calls, IDD video calls, TV on the
phone, access high speed Internet connections for web browsing, 3D
phone games and video streaming for music videos and movie trailers.

Within the 3G coverage area you will experience HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) and high data rates (speed).

ADSL
stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. This technology allows you to take
advantage of the unused bandwidth that already exists on your phone line. Regular telephone
service uses less than one percent of the capacity of the telephone lines, leaving the remaining 99 percent of the line for high speed data use.

ADSL is perfect for receiving multimedia, audio, video and animation files in real time. ADSL technology gives users fast digital data transmission and does not affect the analog telephone service that we currently use. That means that you can enjoy a fast, permanent connection to the Internet, and still have full use of your telephone. What is unique about ADSL is that you hook into the existing telephone service and get information at lightning speeds.

WCDMA
(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is the radio access scheme used for third generation cellular systems that are being rolled out in various parts of the globe. The 3G systems to support wideband services like high-speed Internet access, video and high
quality image transmission with the same quality as the fixed networks. In WCDMA systems the CDMA air interface is combined with GSM
based networks. The WCDMA standard was evolved through the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) which aims to ensure
interoperability between different 3G networks.

WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.

WiMAX is a broadband wireless point-to-multipoint specification from the IEEE 802.16 working group.

Unlike wireless LAN technologies such as Wi-Fi (802.11), WiMAX is designed to operate as a wireless MAN (Metropolitan Area Network).
This places WiMAX in the same class as the earlier 802.16 standards, MMDS and LMDS.

WiMAX Frequencies

WiMAX variants operate both on FCC licensed frequencies and on unlicensed frequencies.

Licensed WiMAX operates in the 10 to 66GHz range; unlicensed WiMAX operates in the 2 to 11Ghz range.

WiMAX Bandwidth and Range

WiMAX has a theoretical maximum bandwidth of 75Mbps and a theoretical maximum range of 31 miles with a direct line of sight. Near-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions will seriously limit
the potential range.

VSAT is an abbreviation for a Very Small Aperture Terminal. It is basically a two-way satellite ground station with a less than 3 meters tall (most of them are about 0.75 m to 1.2 m tall) dish antenna stationed. The transmission rates of VSATs are usually from very low and up to 4 Mbit/s. These VSATs' primary job is accessing the satellites in the geosynchronous orbit and relaying data from
terminals in earth to other terminals and hubs. They will often transmit narrowband data, such as the transactions of credit cards,
polling, RFID (radio frequency identification) data, and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), or broadband data, such as
satellite Internet, VoIP, and videos. However, the VSAT technology is
also used for various types of communications.

Equatorial Communications first used the spread spectrum technology to commercialize the VSATs, which were at the time C band (6 GHz) receive
only systems. This commercialization led to over 30,000 sales of the 60 cm antenna systems in the early 1980s. Equatorial Communications
sold about 10,000 more units from 1984 to 1985 by developing a C band (4 and 6 GHz) two way system with 1 m x 0.5 m dimensions.

The Ku band (Kurtz-under band) is primarily used for satellite communications, particularly for editing and broadcasting satellite
television. This band is split into multiple segments broken down into
geographical regions, as determined by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union).

The Ku band is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies ranging from 11.7 to 12.7GHz. (downlink
frequencies) and 14 to 14.5GHz (uplink frequencies).

The most common Ku band digital reception format is DVB (main profile video format) .vs the studio profile digital video format or the full- blown Digicipher II 4DTV format.