Angle of view and vantage point are two of the most important aspects of a photograph. In fact, one could say these two things define every photograph in existence - what you're seeing and where you're seeing it from.

Angle of view is an attribute that defines how much of a given scene that you see. A wider angle of view means you see more, and a narrower angle of view means you see less.

A narrow angle of view causes us to see less of the scene, in wide angle photo we could see the wider backroung surrounding the subkect.

a longer focal length mean narrowing the angle of view, seeing less of the scene, and as a result magnifying the scene that you do see, and vice versa for having a wider angle by zooming out or using a shorter focal length.

When you're taking a photo of a person. If you used a wide angle of view ("zoomed out", "short focal length"), you could stand right next to them and take their picture.

If you were using a narrow angle of view ("zoomed in", "long focal length"), you would have to stand much farther away. This introduces another variable into the equation: subject distance, which is going to affect perspective.