Life Processes and Cell Activities

The 7 life processes are what all living organisms do. You must learn these for the exam. A good way of doing this is remembering the phrase "Mrs Gren"

M	Movement	Animals move to find food and away from predators. Plants move towards light.
R	Reproduction	Both animals and plants reproduce to make their species carry on.
S	Sensitivity	Animals and plants are sensitive to light.
G	Growth	Animals grow larger and stronger which helps them hunt better.
R	Respiration	Animals and plants must turn their food into energy.
E	Excretion	Waste products must be excreted from plants and animals.
N	Nutrition	Animals need food for respiration and plants need minerals from the soil.

Cells

Protoplasm	Consists of cytoplasm and nucleus.
Cytoplasm	Jelly like substance where chemical reactions take place and other parts are embedded.
Nucleus	Controls reproduction and also contains the characteristics of the cell.
Cell membrane	Surrounds the cell and controls what moves in and out of the cell.
Mitochondria	Found only in plant cells where respiration occurs.
Chloroplasts	These makes plants green. They contain chlorophyll which is needed for photosynthesis.
Cell wall	Gives the cell its shape. The cell's "skeleton".
Vacuoles	Where the cell sap is stored.

Differences Between the Animal and Plant Cells

Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal elements.

The functions of these organelles are extremely similar between the two classes of cells (peroxisomes perform additional complex functions in plant cells having to do with cellular respiration). However, the few differences that exist between plant and animals are very significant and reflect a difference in the functions of each cell.Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells.

They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Both also contain similar membranes, cytosol, and cytoskeletal elements. The functions of these organelles are extremely similar between the two classes of cells (peroxisomes perform additional complex functions in plant cells having to do with cellular respiration). However, the few differences that exist between plant and animals are very significant and reflect a difference in the functions of each cell. |

Plant cell

Animal cell

Fixed structure.
Has a cellulosecell wall and a cell membrane
Chlorophyll in chloroplasts
Large vacuoles

Can change shape.
No Cellulose cell wall
No Chlorophyll or chloroplasts
Small or no vacuoles

Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems

Tissues - Made up of lots of cells of the same type. (e.g. muscle tissue is made up of many muscle cells)

Organs - Different tissues working together to carry out a certain function. An organ can contain different types of tissue (e.g. the heart).

Organ Systems - Organ systems are composed of two or more different organs that work together to provide a common function.

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