Here is a brief review of the differences between gerunds and infinitives.
Gerunds are formed with ING: | walking, talking, thinking, listening | |
Infinitives are formed with TO: | to walk, to talk, to think, to listen |
Gerunds and infinitives can do several jobs:
Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a sentence:: | |
Writing in English is difficult. To write in English is difficult. | |
Both gerunds and infinitives can be the object of a verb:: | |
I like writing in English. I like to write in English. | |
But... | |
Only gerunds can be the object of a preposition:: | |
We are talking about writing in English. | |
It is often difficult to know when to use a gerund and when to use an infinitive. These guidelines may help you:
Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or completed:: | |
I stopped smoking. (The smoking was real and happened until I stopped.) | |
Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future:: | |
I stopped to smoke. (I was doing something else, and I stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.) |