ක්‍රි.පූ 1400 - 800 කාලයේ ආර්ය සංක්‍රමණයන් වූ අතර ගංගා, බ්‍රහ්මපුත්‍ර, සින්දු ගංගාධාර වල රාජධාණි ඇතිවී පෙර පදිංචි වී සිටි ද්‍රවිඩ ගෝත්‍ර ඩෙකෑන් සානුවේ දකුණට තල්ලු විණි. සොලොස්මහ ජනපද වලින් පසුව විශාල අධිරාජ්‍යයන් බිහිවීමට පටන් ගති. මෞර්ය අධිරාජ්‍යය එහි පළමුවැන්නයි.
MAURYA
Chandragupta Maurya.........................c. 320-c. 300
Bindusara...................................c. 300-c. 273
Asoka Vardhana..............................c. 273-c. 232
Kunala (in the West)........................c. 232-c. 225 with...
Dasaratha (in the East).....................c. 232-c. 225
Samprati....................................c. 225- ?
Saliska........................................fl. late 3rd c.
Devadharma.....................................fl. late 3rd c.
Satamdhanu.....................................fl. early 2nd c.
Brihadratha.................................c. 194-187
මෞර්ය රාජධානිය දුර්වල වී කුඩා රාජධාණි වලට කැඩුනි.
GUPTA
Gupta.......................................c. 275-c. 300
Ghatotkacha.................................c. 300-c. 320
Chandragupta I..............................c. 320-c. 350
Samudragupta................................c. 350-c. 370
Ramagupta...................................c. 370-c. 376
Chandragupta II.............................c. 376-c. 415
Kumaragupta I...............................c. 415-c. 455
Skandagupta.................................c. 455-c. 467
Kumaragupta II..............................c. 467-c. 477
Budhagupta..................................c. 477-c. 495
Chandragupta III............................c. 495-c. 500
Vainyagupta.................................c. 500-c. 510
Narasimhagupta..............................c. 510-c. 540
Kumaragupta III.............................c. 540-c. 550
Vishnugupta.................................c. 550- ?
PUSHPABHUTI
Naravardhana................................c. 500- ?
Rajyavardhana I
Adityavardhana
Prabhakaravardhana..........................c. 580-c. 605
Rajyavardhana II............................c. 605-c. 606
Harshavardhana..............................c. 606-647
ගුප්ත අධිරාජ්‍යය ගොඩනැගී පසුව නැවත බිඳ වැටී කුඩා රාජ්‍ය බවට පත් වීය. බටහිර ප්‍රතිහාර වංශයටද, නැගෙනහිර රාෂ්ඨකූට වංශයටද දකුණ පාල වංශයටද අයත්ව තිබිණි.
Nagabhata I.................................c. 750- ?
Devaraja
Vatsaraja...................................c. 783-c. 815
Nagabhata II................................c. 815-c. 833
Ramabhadra..................................c. 833-c. 836
Bhoja I.....................................c. 836-c. 893
Mahendrapala I..............................c. 893-c. 914
Mahipala....................................c. 914- ?
Bhoja II
Vinayakapala
Mahendrapala II.............................c. 946-c. 948
Devapala....................................c. 948-c. 960
Vijayapala..................................c. 960- ?
Rajyapala
Trilochanapala.............................c. 1018-1030
මුස්ලිම් බලපෑම් එල්ල වූ මේ කාලයේ මුස්ලිම්වරු ඉන්දු නදිය තරණය කර දිල්ලි සුල්තානය පිහිටවූහ. ඔවුන් සම්පූර්ණ ඉන්දියාවේම වාගේ පාලනය අතට ගත්හ, මෝගල් පාලනයෙන් නිදහස්ව දකුණු ඉන්දියා ප්‍රදේශය පමණක් ඉතිරි විණි.
MUGHAL
Babur.........................................1526-1530
Humayun.......................................1530-1539 d. 1556
SURI
Sher Shah.....................................1539-1545
Islam Shah....................................1545-1553
Firuz..............................................1553
Mohammed Adil.................................1553-1555 opposed by...
Sikandar......................................1554-1555 and...
Ibrahim.......................................1554-1555
MUGHAL
Humayun (restored)............................1555-1556
Akbar I.......................................1556-1605
Jahangir......................................1605-1627
Dawar Bakhsh..................................1627-1628
Shah Jahan I..................................1628-1658 d. 1666 opposed by
Murad Bakhsh (in Gujarat).....................1657-1658 and...
Shah Shuja (in Bengal)........................1657-1660 opposing...
Aurangzeb.....................................1658-1707
A'zam Shah.........................................1707
Bahadur Shah I................................1707-1712
'Azim-ush-Sha'n....................................1712
Jahandar Shah.................................1712-1713
Farrukh-Siyar.................................1713-1719
Rafi-ud-Darajat....................................1719
Shah Jahan II......................................1719
Nikusiyar..........................................1719
Mohammed Shah.................................1719-1748
Ahmed Shah....................................1748-1754
'Alamgir II...................................1754-1759
Shah Jahan III................................1759-1760
Shah Alam II..................................1760-1788 d. 1806
Bidar Bakht........................................1788
Shah Alam II (restored).......................1788-1806
Mohammed Akbar II.............................1806-1837
Bahadur Shah II...............................1837-1858 d. 1862
To Great Britain..............................1858-1948
ඩෙකෑන් හි බිහිවුණු රාජධාණි
GOLKONDA A Deccan state within east-central India.
QUTB
Quli Qutb Shah................................1512-1543
Jamshid Qutb Shah.............................1543-1550
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah..............................1550
Ibrahim Qutb Shah.............................1550-1580
Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah.......................1580-1612
Mohammed Qutb Shah............................1612-1626
'Abdullah Qutb Shah...........................1626-1672
Abu'l-Hassan Qutb Shah........................1672-1687
To the Mughal Empire..........................1687-1724
To Hyderabad thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GUJARAT A region in western India bounded by Kutch to the west and Malwa to the east, with the Arabian Sea around the Kathiawar Peninsula extending across its southwestern flank. It is largely an agricultural district, but well-known for distinctive architectural styles and important crafts. The Gujaratis have had an outward-looking sea-faring tradition for millennia, and even today natives of Gujarat or descendents of Gujaratis form a larger than average percentage of Indians living abroad. Ghandi came from Gujarat - he was born in Porbandar, a seacoast town on the southwest flank of the Kathiawar Peninsula.
To the Mauryan Empire....................3rd cent.-180's
Poorly documented era....................180's BCE-130 CE
To Malwa.......................................130-382
To the Guptan Empire...........................382-c. 475
Kingdom of Vallabhi
MAITRAKA
Bhatarka....................................c. 475- ?
Dharasena I
Dronasimha..................................c. 500-c. 525
Dhruvasena I................................c. 525-c. 545
Dharapatta..................................c. 545-c. 556
Guhasena....................................c. 556-c. 570
Dharasena II................................c. 570-c. 606
Siladitya I.................................c. 606-c. 616
Kharagraha I................................c. 616-c. 623
Dharasena III...............................c. 623-c. 640
Dhruvasena II...............................c. 640-c. 644
Dharasena IV................................c. 644-c. 651
Dhruvasena III..............................c. 651-c. 656
Kharagraha II...............................c. 656-c. 662
Siladitya II................................c. 662- ?
Siladitya III
Siladitya IV
Siladitya V
Siladitya VI................................c. 766-c. 767
To Kabul....................................c. 767-c. 940
Ala Khan..................................fl. c. 900
Kingdom of Gujarat
CHAULUKYA (Solanki)
Mulraja I...................................c. 940-c. 995
Chamundaraja................................c. 995-c. 1010
Vallabharaja.......................................c. 1010
Occupied briefly by the Ghaznavid Empire (Afghanistan) in this era.
Durlabharaja...............................c. 1010-c. 1022
Bhima I....................................c. 1022-c. 1064
Karnadeva I................................c. 1064-c. 1094
Jayasimha I................................c. 1094-c. 1125
Kumarapala.................................c. 1125-c. 1171
Ajayapala..................................c. 1171-c. 1176
Mulraja II.................................c. 1176-c. 1178
Bhima II...................................c. 1178-c. 1241 with...
Jayasimha II.......................................c. 1223
Tribhuvanapala.............................c. 1241-c. 1244
VAGHELA
Visala.....................................c. 1244-c. 1262
Arjuna.....................................c. 1262-c. 1275
Sarangadeva................................c. 1275-c. 1297
Karnadeva II...............................c. 1297-1304
To Delhi......................................1304-1391
ZAFARID
Zafar Khan....................................1391-1403
Muhammad Shah I Tatar.........................1403-1407
Muzaffar Shah.................................1407-1411
Ahmad Shah I Shihab ad-Din....................1411-1442
Muhammad Shah II Karim........................1442-1451
Ahmad Shah II Qutb ad-Din.....................1451-1458
Dawud Khan.........................................1458
Mahmud Shah I Begra Saif ad-Din...............1458-1511
Muzaffar Shah II..............................1511-1526
Sikandar...........................................1526
Mahmud Shah II.....................................1526
Bahadur Shah..................................1526-1535
To the Mughal Empire..........................1535-1536
Bahadur Shah (restored).......................1536-1537
Mahmud Shah III...............................1537-1554
Ahmad Shah III................................1554-1561
Muzaffar Shah III.............................1561-1573
To the Mughal Empire..........................1573-1583
Muzaffar Shah III (restored).......................1583
To the Mughal Empire..........................1583-1728
To the Maratha Confederacy....................1728-1818
To Great Britain..............................1818-1948
To India thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GURKHA A town in west-central Nepal, about 47 miles (75 km.) west-northwest of Katmandu. This district, noted for it's pugnacious warriors, produced the leaders who reunified Nepal after the era of Malla fragmentation, and is also the source of Great Britain's famed Gurkha mercenary corps.
SAHA
Prithvi Pati.................................1669-1716
Narabhpati...................................1716-1742
Prithvi Barayana (K. of Nepal from 1768).....1742-1774
Within Nepal thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWADAR (Gawadar) A port city in extreme southwestern Pakistan, on the Baluchistani coast about 45 miles (72 km.) from the Iranian frontier. An Omani possession during much of the 1800's and early 1900's.
Within Baluchistan to 1783
ALBUSA'IDI
Sultan ibn Ahmad (Sultan of Oman 1792-1806)...1783-1806
To Oman.......................................1792-mid 1800's
SARBAZID
Mir Dosten al-Sarbazi..............................mid 1800's
To Oman.................................mid 1800's-1956
To Pakistan thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWALIORAn important fortress and city in central India, about 160 miles (250 km.) south-southeast of Delhi. During the latter 18th century, the rulers of Gwalior were perhaps the most powerful among native Indian Princes, controlling for a time Delhi itself.
To the Mughal Empire..........................1526-1751
SINDHIA
Ranoji (at Ujjain)............................1726-1745
Jayappa.......................................1745-1755
Jankoji I.....................................1755-1761
Madhava Rao I.................................1761-1780 d. 1794
To Great Britain...................................1780
Madhava Rao I.................................1780-1794
Daulat Rao....................................1794-1827
Jankoji Rao II................................1827-1843
To Great Britain...................................1843
Jayaji Rao....................................1843-1858 d. 1886
To Great Britain..............................1858-1948
Madhava Rao II...........................1886-1925
Jivaji Rao...............................1925-1948
To India thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HYDERABAD In south-central India, the largest of the raj principalities. By Indian standards, the capital is a very young city, having been established in 1590.
To the Mughal Empire..........................1685-1724
QAMARID
Asaf Jah......................................1724-1748
Mohammed Nasir Jung...........................1748-1750
Muzaffar Jang.................................1750-1751
Asaf ud-Dawlah Salabat Jang...................1751-1761
Nizam 'Ali....................................1761-1803
Sikandar Jah..................................1803-1829
Nasir ud-Dawlah...............................1829-1857
Afzal ud-Dawlah...............................1857-1869
Mahbub 'Ali Khan..............................1869-1911
Uthman 'Ali Khan Bahadur Jang.................1911-1948
To India thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INDORE A city and district in central India, a Maratha stronghold. It is very young by Indian standards, having been established as a trade market and temple complex only in the early 18th century.
To the Mughal Empire..........................1715-1728
HOLKAR
Malhar Rao I..................................1728-1764
Malle Rao.....................................1764-1766 with...
Ahalya Bai (fem.)..............................1765-1795
Tukoji........................................1795-1798
Jaswant Rao I.................................1798-1811
Malhar Rao II.................................1811-1834
Hari Rao......................................1834-1843
Tukoji Rao II.................................1843-1886
Sivaji Rao....................................1886-1903
Tukoji Rao III................................1903-1926
Jaswant Rao II................................1926-1948
To India......................................1948-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JAIPUR A city in western India, 135 miles (215 km.) southwest of Delhi.
KACHWAHA
Dulha Rao..................................c. 1128-c. 1136
Kankal.....................................c. 1136- ?
Maidal
Hunadeva
Kantal I
Pujanadeva.....................................fl. c. 1185
Malesi
Byala
Rajadeva
Kilhan
Kantal II.....................................1276- ?
Jansi
Udayakarna
Nara Singh
Banbir
Udha Rao
Chandrasena
Prithvi I.....................................1502-1534
Bhima.........................................1534- ?
Ratan.......................................... ? -1547
Baharmalla....................................1547- ?
Bhagwan Das.................................... ? -1589
Man Singh I...................................1589-1614
Jagat Singh I......................................1614
Bhao Singh....................................1614-1622
Jaya Singh I..................................1622-1667
Rama Singh I..................................1667-1688
Bishan Singh..................................1688-1700
Sawai Jaya Singh II...........................1700-1743
Ishwari Singh.................................1743-1750
Madhu Singh I.................................1750-1768
Prithvi Singh II..............................1768-1778
Pratap Singh..................................1778-1803
Jagat Singh II................................1803-1818
Jaya Singh III................................1818-1835
Rama Singh II.................................1835-1881
Sawai Madhu Singh II..........................1881-1922
Sawai Man Singh II............................1922-1949
To India......................................1948-
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JAISALMER A city in western India, within the Thar desert about 70 miles (110 km.) from the Pakistani frontier. Founded in the 12th century as a Rajput fort and caravanserai, it is noted for it's libraries and archives, and for the rich golden-coloured stone that its walls and towers are constructed of.
BHATI
Jaisal........................................1156-c. 1180 >
Salivahan
Baijal
Kelan
Chachigdeva I..............................c. 1219-c. 1250
Karan Singh I..............................c. 1250-c. 1278
Lakhasena..................................c. 1278-c. 1281
Punyapala..........................................c. 1281
Jait Singh I...............................c. 1281-c. 1300
Mulraja I..........................................c. 1300
To Delhi...................................c. 1300-1399
Duda
Ghar Singh............................c. 1331-1361
Kehar....................................1361- ?
Lakhmana
To the Timurid Empire.........................1399-1413
To Delhi......................................1413-1526
Bairi Singh I............................1436-c. 1448
Chachigdeva II........................c. 1448-1467
Devidas..................................1467-1496
Jait Singh II............................1496-1528
To the Mughal Empire..........................1526-1818
Karan Singh II................................1528
Lunkaran.................................1528-1550
Malladeva................................1550-1561
Har Raja.................................1561-1577
Bhima....................................1577-1613
Kalyandas................................1613-1650
Manohardas....................................1650
Sabal Singh..............................1650-1661
Amar Singh...............................1661-1702
Jaswant Singh............................1702-1707
Budh Singh...............................1707-1721
Tej Singh................................1721-1722
Sawai Singh...................................1722
Akhai Singh..............................1722-1762
Mulraja II...............................1762-1819
To Great Britain..............................1818-1948
Gaja Singh...............................1819-1846
Ranjit Singh.............................1846-1864
Bairi Singh II...........................1864-1891
Salivahan II.............................1891-1914
Jawahir Singh............................1914-1949
Girdhar Singh.................................1949
To India thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JAUNPUR A large but ultimately ephemeral state in the Ganges watershed, based on the city of Jaunpur, north of Benares.
The modern city was established as a frontier fort of Delhi in 1360, situated on the site of an earlier city that had been destroyed by floods. The eunuch Sarwar, who conquered Awadh on behalf of Delhi, persuaded his master, the last Tughluqid dynast, to permit him the title of King, and passed on his state as a fully sovereign territory to his adopted heir upon the disruption of Delhi by Timur.
SHARQI
Malik Sarwar Khwaja-yi Jahan..................1394-1399
Malik Qaranful Mubarrak Shah..................1399-1401
Ibrahim Shams-ud-Din..........................1401-1440
Mahmud Shah...................................1440-1458
Mohammed Shah Bhikan Khan..........................1458
Husayn Shah...................................1458-1483 d. 1505
To Delhi......................................1483-1526
To the Mughal Empire..........................1526-1722
Mostly to Awadh...............................1722-1775
To Great Britain..............................1775-1948
To India thereafter...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JODHPUR A city on the edge of the Great Thar desert, in western India, roughly 350 miles (560 km.) southwest of Delhi, and approximately 180 miles (290 km.) east of the Pakistani frontier.
RATHOR
Chunda Rao....................................1382- ?
Kanha
Sata
Ranamalla
Jodha.........................................1438-1488
Satal.........................................1488-1491
Suja..........................................1491-1515
Ganga.........................................1515-1532
Malladeva.....................................1532-1584
Udaya Singh Raja..............................1584-1595
Sura Singh....................................1595-1620
Gaja Singh....................................1620-1638
Jaswant Singh I...............................1638-1680
Ajit Singh....................................1680-1725
Abhaya Singh Maharaja.........................1725-1750
Rama Singh....................................1750-1751 d. 1773
Bakht Singh...................................1751-1752
Vijaya Singh.......................................1752 d. 1792
Rama Singh (restored).........................1752-1773
Vijaya Singh (restored).......................1773-1792
Bhim Singh....................................1792-1803
Man Singh.....................................1803-1843
Takht Singh...................................1843-1873
Jaswant Singh II..............................1873-1895
Sardar Singh..................................1895-1911
Sumer Singh...................................1911-1918
Umaid Singh...................................1918-1947
Hanwant Singh.................................1947-1949
To India......................................1948-
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KARNATAKA The southwestern coast of India, with a complex and ancient history - note, though, that late Vijayanagar was isolated on the southeastern coast after losing territory to Hyderabad and the Mughals. The name is sometimes Anglicized as "Carnatic".
CHALUKYA - Badami
Pulakesin I....................................543-566
Kirtivarman I..................................566-597
Mangalesa......................................597-609
Pulakesin II...................................609-642
vacant
Vikramaditya I.................................655-680
Vinayaditya....................................680-696
Vijayaditya....................................696-733
Vikramaditya II................................733-746
Kirtivarman II.................................746-757 opposed by...
RASHTRAKUTA
Dantidurga.....................................754-768
Krishna I......................................768-783
Govinda I......................................768- ?
Dhruva
Govinda II.....................................793-814
Amoghavarsha I.................................814-877
Krishna II.....................................877-915
Indra I........................................915-917
Amoghavarsha II................................917-918
Govinda III....................................918-934
Amoghavarsha III...............................934-939
Krishna III....................................939-968
Khottiga.......................................968-972
Karka Amoghhavarsha IV.........................972-973
Indra II.......................................973-982 opposed by...
CHALUKYA - Kalyana
Taila Ahavamalla...............................973-997
Satyasraya Irivabedanga........................997-1008
Vikramaditya I................................1008-1014
Ayyana........................................1014-1015
Jayasimha.....................................1015-1042
Somesvara I...................................1042-1068
Somesvara II..................................1068-1076
Vikramaditya II...............................1076-1127
Somesvara III.................................1127-1138
Jagadekamalla.................................1138-1151
Tailapa.......................................1151-1156
KALACHURI
Bijjala.......................................1156-1168
Somesvara.....................................1168-1177
Sankama.......................................1177-1180
Ahavamalla....................................1180-1183
Singhana......................................1183-1184
CHALUKYA
Somesvara IV..................................1184-1200
YADAVA
Singhana......................................1200-1247
Krishna.......................................1247-1261
Mahadeva......................................1261-1271
Amana..............................................1271
Ramachandra...................................1271-1311
Sankaradeva...................................1311-1313
Harapaladeva..................................1313-1317
To Delhi......................................1317-1336
Vijayanagar
SANGAMA
Harihara I....................................1336-1356
Bukka I.......................................1356-1377
Harihara II...................................1377-1404
Virupaksha I..................................1404-1405
Bukka II......................................1405-1406
Devaraya I....................................1406-1422
Ramachandra...................................1422-1430 with...
Devaraya II...................................1422-1446
Vijaya II.....................................1446-1447 with...
Mallikarjuna..................................1446-1465
Virupaksha II.................................1465-1485
SALUVA
Narasimha.....................................1485-1490
Timma.........................................1490-1491
Immadi Narasimha..............................1491-1505
Vira Narasimha................................1505-1509
Krishnadevaraya...............................1509-1530
Achyota.......................................1530-1542
Venkata............................................1542
Sadashivaraya.................................1542-1565
To the Mughal Empire
When the Mughal Empire lost cohesion in the 18th century, southern India fragmented once more into local states, and various European colonies, especially at Goa (Portuguese) and Pondicherry (French). After 1757, British influence was paramount, and the region followed general Indian history from then on.
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KASHMIR This state is located HERE.
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KATMANDU In central Nepal, it's largest city and since 1768 the capital. During the centuries of fragmentation during Malla rule, Katmandu was a separate Kingdom.
To Nepal until c. 1482
MALLA
Ramamalla..................................c. 1482-c. 1520
Suryamalla.................................c. 1520-c. 1530
Amaramalla.................................c. 1530-c. 1538
Narendramalla..............................c. 1538-c. 1560
Mahendramalla..............................c. 1560-c. 1574
Sadashivamalla.............................c. 1574-c. 1583 with...
Shivasimhamalla............................c. 1578-c. 1620
Lakshminarasimhamalla......................c. 1620-c. 1641
Pratapamalla...............................c. 1641-c. 1674
Jayanripendramalla.........................c. 1674-c. 1680
Parthivendramalla..........................c. 1680-c. 1687
Bhupendramalla.............................c. 1687-c. 1700
Bhaskaramalla..............................c. 1700-c. 1714
Mahendrasimhamalla.........................c. 1714-1722
Jagajjayamalla................................1722-1736
Jayaprakasamalla..............................1736-1768
To Gurkha and thence Nepal once more...
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KERALA An Indian state located along the southwestern coast of the subcontinent, from Mangalore in the north to Trivandrum in the south, and including such locales as Cannanore, Pondicherry, Calicut, and Cochin. The region is very ancient, and because of its geographic situation has seen a great many diverse influence not encountered elsewhere in India - it is here that St. Thomas is reputed to have travelled, a Jewish colony was established at Cranganore in the 1st century CE, and this is where Portuguese and later Dutch explorers first landed in India.
Kingdom of Keralaputra A Dravidian Kingdom, known to have traded extensively with Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Chinese.
No names of these Kings at this time, 3rd cent. BCE-5th cent. CE
A poorly documented era..................5th cent.-9th cent.
KULASEKHARA
Kulasekhara Alwar...........................c. 800-c. 820
Rajasekharavarman...........................c. 820-844
Sthanu Ravivarman..............................844-885
Ramavarma......................................885-917
Goda Ravivarma.................................917-944
Indu Kothavarma................................944-962
Bhaskara Ravivarman I..........................962-1019 with...
Bhaskara Ravivarman II.........................979-1021
Vira Kerala...................................1021-1028
Rajasimha.....................................1028-1043
Bhaskara Ravivarman III.......................1043-1082
Ravi Ramavarma................................1082-1090
Ramavarma Kulasekhara.........................1090-1102
In the 12th century Kulasekharan hegemony over the region disintegrated as a result of chronic warfare with the Chola Empire, and the area was partitioned into a number of smaller states. The Kulasekharans themselves retained control over...
Rajas of Venad
Kotha Varma...................................1102-1125
Kotha Kerala Varma............................1125-1155
Vira Ravi Varma...............................1155-1165
Aditya Varma I................................1165-1175
Udaya Marthanda Varma.........................1175-1195
Vira Rama Varma...............................1195-1205
Vira Rama Kerala Varma........................1205-1215
Ravi Kerala Varma I...........................1215-1240
Padmanabha Marthanda Varma....................1240-1253
To Delhi......................................1253-1299
Ravi Varma Kulasekhara........................1299-1314
Ravi Varma Kulasekhara managed to reunite Kerala, and indeed much of southern India, under his rule - but he died at a young age, and his empire was dispersed quickly thereafter.
Vira Udaya Marthanda Varma....................1314-1344
Kunnumel Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvati...........1344-1350
Iravi Iravi Varma.............................1350-1376
Aditya Varma Sarvanyanatha....................1376-1383
Chera Udaya Varma.............................1383-1444
Ravi Varma I..................................1444-1458
Sri Vira Rama Marthanda Varma Kulasekhara.....1458-1469
Kotha Aditya Varma............................1469-1484
Ravi Ravi Varma...............................1484-1512
Ravi Kerala Varma II..........................1512-1514
Jayasimha Kerala Varma........................1514-1516
Bhutalavira Sri Vira Udaya Marthanda Varma....1516-1535
Bhutalavira Ravi Varma........................1535- ?
Rama Kerala Varma
Aditya Varma II................................ ? -1544
Sri Vira Kerala Varma.........................1544-1545
Rama Varma I..................................1545-1556
Unni Kerala Varma.............................1556- ?
Sri Vira Udaya Varma........................... ? -1595
Sri Vira Ravi Varma...........................1595-1609
Aditya Varma III..............................1609-1610
Rama Varma II......................................1610
Rama Varma III................................1610-1611
Ravi Varma II.................................1611-1663
Ravi Varma III................................1663-1672
Aditya Varma IV...............................1672-1677
Ummayama Rani (fem.)...........................1677-1684
Ravi Varma IV.................................1684-1714
Aditya Varma V................................1714-1721
Rama Varma IV.................................1721-1729
Maharajas of Travancore
Marthanda Varma...............................1729-1758
Marthanda Varma succeeded in establishing a powerful Keralan state once again, based at Travancore - capping his authority by crushing the Dutch in 1741. But chronic invasions from Mysore in the next generation fundamentally weakened Travancore, and it slipped under British rule by the end of the 18th century.
Kartika Tirunal Rama Varma....................1758-1798
To Great Britain..............................1795-1948
Balarama Varma...........................1798-1810
Gouri Laksmi Bai (fem.)...................1810-1815
Gouri Parvati Bai (fem.)..................1815-1829
Swati Tirunal............................1829-1847
Utram Tirunal Marthanda Varma............1847-1860
Ayilam Tirunal...........................1860-1880
Rama Varma Tirunal Rama Varma............1880-1885
Sri Mulam Tirunal Rama Varma.............1885-1924
Setu Laksmi Bai (fem.)....................1924-1931
Sri Chitra Tirunal Balarama Varma........1931-1949
To India thereafter...
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KOLHAPURA Marathan state within central India.
BHONSLE
Sivaji I......................................1700-1712
Shambhuji.....................................1712-1760
Sivaji II.....................................1760-1812
Shambhu.......................................1812-1821
Shahaji I.....................................1821-1837
Sivaji III....................................1837-1866
Rajaram I.....................................1866-1870
Sivaji IV.....................................1870-1883
Shahu.........................................1883-1922
Rajaram II....................................1922-1940
To Great Britain..............................1940-1942
Sivaji V......................................1942-1947
Shahaji II....................................1947-1949
To India......................................1948-
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KUTCHA district on the coastal portion of the India/Pakistan frontier, to a large extent involving an extensive salt-flats (the Great Rann of Kutch) adjacent to the Gulf of Kutch, an arm of the Arabian Sea extending toward Gujarat. At the time of Alexander's invasion (4th century BCE) the Rann was a shallow but navigable lake, but subsequent centuries of silting have made a mud flat of it, and settlement within the Rann is limited to what hills are present.
CHAVADA RAJPUT
Jado (1st Jam)
Lakho Jadani..................................1147-1175
Ratto Rayadhan................................1175-1215
Othoji........................................1215-1255
Gaoji.........................................1255-1285
Vahenji.......................................1285-1321
SAMMA RAJPUT
Murvoji.......................................1321-1347
Kaiyaji.......................................1347-1386
Amarji........................................1386-1429
Bheemji.......................................1429-1472
Hamirji.......................................1472-1510
Khengarji I (1st Rao).........................1510-1586
Bharmalji I...................................1586-1632
Bhojrajji.....................................1632-1645
Khengarji II..................................1645-1654
Tamachiji.....................................1655-1666
Rayadhanji I..................................1666-1698
Pragmalji I (1st Maharao).....................1698-1715
Gohodaji I....................................1715-1719
Deshalji I....................................1719-1741
Lakhpatji.....................................1741-1761
Gohodaji II...................................1761-1779
Rayadhanji II.................................1779-1813
To Sind.......................................1813-1814
To Great Britain..............................1815-1948
Bharmalji II.............................1814-1819
Deshalji II..............................1819-1861
Pragmalji II.............................1861-1876
Khengarji III............................1876-1942
Vijayaraja...............................1942-1948
Madan Singh...................................1948
To Afghanistan................................1152-1215
To India thereafter; but there have been persistent border disputes with Pakistan in this region. From 1965 Pakistan has held about ten percent, while India retains the remainder.
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LADAKHThis Tibetan state is located HERE.
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LAHORE In north-central Pakistan, about 20 miles from the Indian frontier. This place is the source for the fabled Koh-I-Noor diamond, once a possession of the Royal Family, and now one of the chief Crown Jewels of Great Britain.
To Harappa.................................c. 2500-c. 1750
Aryan invasions from 1600/1400 BCE
Kingdom of Purus ?
Poros (Paurava ?; Purushotamma ?)........fl. < 330-321/15
"Poros" was the leader of a local state in the Lahore-Kashmir region who strongly resisted the onslaught of the Macedonian invasion. Though unsuccessful, his defense was so spirited that Alexander spared him and retain him as vassal within his lands. He is known only through Hellenic sources - Vedic sources do not refer to him or his state. The Purus were a tribe known to have been active in that general region about the same time.
Malayketu...................................c. 320-317
Malayketu succeeded his father Poros after possibly colluding in the latter's assassination by the Macedonian satrap Eudamus. He fought against Antigonus with Eumenes at the Battle of Gabiene and was killed in combat.
To the Mauryan Empire.......................c. 315-c. 200
?
To Bactria (Menandrid)......................c. 150-c. 130
To Sakae (local rule by Bactrian vassals)...c. 130-c. 80
To Suren, as a Parthian client...............c. 80-c. 60
To Suren, as a Kushanid client...........c. 60 BCE-c. 125 CE >
The Kushan Empire withered from the 3rd century and began fragmenting as local provinces sought autonomy. One such region was the Kidara Confederacy, stretching across what is now northern Pakistan, from Jammu and Kashmir in the east, to Lahore and Peshawar in the west.
Kidara Confederacy
Kidara.........................................fl. c. 340
?
Hephtalite (White Hun) invasions, 5th and 6th centuries.
To the Caliphate...............................652-867
To Persia......................................867-900
To Bokhara.....................................900-999
To the Ghaznavid Empire........................999-1090's
To the Seljuqs..............................1090's-1152
To Ghurid Empire (Afghanistan)................1152-1215
To Khwarazm...................................1215-1221
Mongols and Il-Khanate successors.............1221-1398
City destroyed and district depopulated.......1398-1422
To Delhi......................................1422-1524
To the Mughal Empire..........................1524-1740
To Persia.....................................1740-1747
To Afghanistan................................1747-1799
SIKH For further commentary on the Sikhs, see below.
Ranjit Singh..................................1799-1839
Kharak Singh..................................1839-1840
Nao Nehal Singh....................................1840
Chand Kaur (fem.)..............................1840-1841
Sher Singh....................................1841-1843
Duleep Singh..................................1843-1849 d. 1893
To Great Britain..............................1849-1947
Partitioned between India and Pakistan...
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LAKHNAUTI A region in in Bihar and northern Bengal based at Gaur, the site of an ephemeral sultanate ruled by Khaljis (Afghan freebooters and mercenaries) nominally dependent on Delhi, but more-or-less autonomous.
Khalji
Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad Bakhtiar Khalji........1203-1206
Muhammad Bakhtiar was commander of the Ghurid troops that destroyed the famous Buddhist university of Nalanda (in Bihar) in 1193.
Alauddin 'Ali Mardan Khalji (usurper)..............1206 d. 1212
To Delhi......................................1206-1210
Muhammad Shiran Khalji (administrator)...1206-1207 and...
Ghiyasuddin Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji (gov.)1206-1210 d. 1227
Alauddin 'Ali Mardan Khalji (restored)........1210-1212
Succeeded Ghiyasuddin as governor 1210, and then declared independence once again.
Ghiyasuddin Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji (rest.)....1212-1227
To Delhi from 1227
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MADURAI A city in the far south of India, roughly 130 miles (210 km.) north of the tip of Comorin Cape.
To Chola Empire.............................c. 850-1279
To Delhi......................................1279-1334
Djalal ud-Din Ahsan Shah......................1334-1339
Aladdin Udauji Shah...........................1339-1341
Qutb ud-Din Firuz Shah.............................1341
Ghiyath ud-Din Mohammed Shah..................1341-1345
Nasr ud-Din Mahmud Ghazi Shah.................1345-1356
'Adil Shah....................................1356-1360
Fakr ud-Din Mubarak Shah......................1360-1372
Aladdin Sikaqnder Shah........................1372-1378
To Vijayanagar................................1378-1529
NAYYAK
Vishvanatha...................................1529-1564
Krishnappa I..................................1564-1572
Virappa.......................................1572-1595
Krishnappa II.................................1595-1601
Muttu Krishnappa..............................1601-1609
Muttu Virappa I...............................1609-1623
Tirumala......................................1623-1659
Muttu Virappa II..............................1659-1682 with...
Chokkanatha...................................1659-1678 and then...
Muttu Linga...................................1678-1682
Muttu Virappa III.............................1682-1689
Mangammal (fem.)...............................1689-1706
Vijayaranga Chokkanatha.......................1706-1732
Minakshi (fem.)................................1732-1736
To France.....................................1736-1763
To Great Britain..............................1763-1948
To India......................................1948-
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MAGADHA An ancient kingdom in east-central India, in modern Bihar state. Comprising the vast Ganges plain to the west of Bengal, Magadha has been the core of several Indian Empires, and it's territory has been the scene of a great deal of Indian historical and cultural experience.
The Sudhanus, Brhadrathans, and Sunikas are early Magadhan dynasties referred to almost entirely within traditional texts; their historicity is therefore subject to much interpretation. The nominal dates are one example; they are based entirely on analyzed assumptions regarding average length of reign, tied to when it is thought the Haryanka dynasts assumed power - modern Indian historians generally assume longer reigns and a considerably earlier start date.
SUDHANU
Sudhanu.......................................fl. c. 1460 BCE ?
Suhatra
Chyavana
Kriti.........................................fl. c. 1400 ?
Vasu
BRHADRATHA
Brhadratha....................................fl. c. 1360 ?
Kushagra
Rsabha
Puspavana.....................................fl. c. 1300 ?
Suchi (Magadha)
Sudhanva
Jantu
Nabha (Sambhava)
Jarasandha (Magadha)..........................fl. c. 1200 ?
Sahadeva
Maghasandhi; Somapi
Shrutashrava
Ayutaya
Niramitra.....................................fl. c. 1100 ?
Suksatra
Brhatkarman
Senajit
Shrutanjaya
Vipra/Vibhu...................................fl. c. 1000 ?
Shuci
Ksemya
Suvrata
Dharmanetra
Nirvrati, Sushrama............................fl. c. 900 ?
Drdhasena
Sumati
Suvala
Sunita
Satyajit......................................fl. c. 800 ?
Vishvajit
Ripunjaya
SUNIKA
Sunika/Punika
Pradyota
Palaka........................................fl. c. 700 ?
Vishakhayupa
Janaka
Nandivardhana
Shishunaga
Kakavarna.....................................fl. c. 600 ?
Kshemadharman
Kshatraujas
HARYANKA
Bimbisara..................................c. 543-c. 491 BCE
Ajatashatru................................c. 491-c. 459
Udayin (Udayibhadra).......................c. 459-c. 443
Anuruddha..................................c. 443-c. 439
Munda......................................c. 439-c. 435
Nagadasaka.................................c. 435-410
SISUNAGA
Sisunaga......................................410-392
Kalasoka......................................392-380
Ten sons of Kalasoka, Nandivardhana being the most prominent (22 years)
Ksemadharman
Ksemajit or Ksatraujas
Bimbisara
Mahanandin
The Sisunaga dynasty was overthrown by an illegitimate son of its last king, who founded the short-lived Nanda dynasty. This was in turn overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya, who made Magadha the center of his Indian empire.
NANDA
Mahapadma Nanda.............................c. 350- ?
Pandhuka
Panghupati
Bhutapala
Rashtrapala
Govishanaka
Dashasidkhaka
Kaivarta
Dhana (Argames)............................... ? –c. 320
MAURYA
Chandragupta Maurya.........................c. 320-c. 300
And so on to c. 187 BCE, see India...
The Mauryan Empire, based in this region, quickly expanded to encompass all of northern India. Mauryan sovereigns are listed in the section on Greater India. By c. 187, the Empire could no longer retain control over the bulk of the subcontinent, and Magadha became once more a regional state.
SUNGA
Pushyamatra Sunga...........................c. 187-c. 151
Agnimitra...................................c. 151-c. 143
Vasujyeshtha................................c. 143-c. 133
Vasumitra...................................c. 133-c. 126
Andhraka....................................c. 126-c. 124
Pulindaka...................................c. 124-c. 121
Ghosha
Vajramitra
Bhagavata
Devabhumi....................................c. 85-c. 75
KANVA
Vasudeva.....................................c. 75-c. 66
Bhumimitra...................................c. 66-c. 52
Narayana.....................................c. 52-c. 40
Susarman.....................................c. 40-c. 30
To Maharashtra...........................c. 30 BCE-c. 220 CE
unknown.....................................c. 220-c. 275
GUPTA
Gupta.......................................c. 275-c. 300
And so on to c. 550 CE, see India...
Once more, Magadha became the core of a subcontinental empire with the advent of the Guptas. The Guptid list can be found within Greater India above. By 550 CE, the Empire had lost cohesion and Magadha once more sank into purely regional and local concerns.
Unknown sequence.............................550's-1193
To the Ghurids................................1193-1213
To Delhi......................................1213-early 1500's
To the Mughals........................early 1500's-1765
To Great Britain (incorporated into Bengal)...1765-1947
Largely to India; some eastern portions to Pakistan, and Bangladesh thereafter...
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MAHARASHTRA The bulk of the central Indian plateau, with a very long and complex history. Here is a general framework for recent states in the region.
SATAVAHANA Note well; the dating of Satavahana reigns is not well understood, and there are a variety of schemes. The following dates are fairly late, but there are others who advocate sequences as much as 50 years earlier (see Tapsell, in the bibliography for an example).
Simuka......................................c. 223-c. 205
Krishna.....................................c. 205-c. 187
Satakarni I.................................c. 187-c. 177
Purnotsanga.................................c. 177-c. 159
Skandastambhi...............................c. 159-c. 141
Satakarni II................................c. 141-c. 85
Lambodara....................................c. 85-c. 67
Apilaka......................................c. 67-c. 55
Meghasvati...................................c. 55-c. 37
Svati........................................c. 37-c. 19
Skandasvati..................................c. 19-c. 12
Mrigendra Svatikarna.........................c. 12-c. 9
Kuntala Svatikarna............................c. 9-c. 1
Svatikarna................................c. 1 BCE-c. 1 CE
Pulumavi I....................................c. 1-c. 25
Gaurakrishna.................................c. 25-c. 50
Hala.........................................c. 50-c. 51
Mandulaka....................................c. 51-c. 56
Purindrasena.................................c. 56-c. 77
Sundara Svatikarni...........................c. 77-c. 78
Chakora Svatikarna.................................c. 78
Sivasvati....................................c. 78-c. 106
Gautamiputra Satakarni......................c. 106-c. 130
Pulumavi II Vasishthiputra..................c. 130-c. 159
Siva Sri Satakarni..........................c. 159-c. 166
Sivaskanda Satakarni........................c. 166-c. 174
Yajma Sri Satakarni.........................c. 174-c. 203
Vijaya......................................c. 203-c. 209
Chandra Sri Satakarni.......................c. 209-c. 212
Pulumavi III................................c. 212-c. 220
Satavahana Empire disintigrates into local states from the 3rd century. Vakataka dynasts recover much of the empire...
VAKATAKA
Vindhyasakti................................c. 250-c. 270
Pravarasena.................................c. 270-c. 330
Rudrasena I.................................c. 330-c. 355
Prithvishena I..............................c. 355-c. 380
Rudrasena II................................c. 380-c. 385
Divakarasena................................c. 385-c. 400
Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent c. 385-c. 405
Damodarasena................................c. 400-c. 440
Narendrasena................................c. 440-c. 460
Prithvishena II.............................c. 460-c. 480
Harishena...................................c. 480-c. 510
Further disorders, followed by the emergence of the Chalukyas of Karnataka...
To the Karnataka Empire........................543-1317
To Delhi......................................1317-1347
Sultanate of the DECCAN
BAHMANID
Aladdin Hassan Bahman Shah....................1347-1358
Mohammed Shah I...............................1358-1375
Aladdin Mujahid Shah..........................1375-1378
Da'ud Shah.........................................1378
Mohammed Shah II..............................1378-1397
Ghiyath ud-Din.....................................1397
Shams ud-Din.......................................1397
Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah.........................1397-1422
Ahmad Shah I Wali.............................1422-1436
Aladdin Ahmad Shah II.........................1436-1458
Aladdin Humayun Zalim Shah....................1458-1461
Nizam Shah....................................1461-1463
Mohammed Shah III Lashkari....................1463-1482
Mahmud Shah...................................1482-1518
Ahmad Shah III................................1518-1521
Aladdin.......................................1521-1522
Wali-Allah Shah...............................1522-1525
Kalim-Allah Shah..............................1525-1527
By the end of the 15th century, the Deccan had fragmented into competing statelets; the five of primary significance were Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golkonda.
To the Mughal Empire piecemeal, 1633/87
Satara
In the latter 17th century, a nationalist revolution erupted out of the Bijapur area, leading to a revival of Hinduism and native Indian strength in their own land. The instigator of this movement, Sivaji the Great, established a new Hindu kingdom within western Maharashtra at Satara, within the old Deccan successor state of Bijapur. See also the Peshwas at Poona for leaders of the Maratha Confederation.
BHONSLE
Sivaji I the Great....................(1655-) 1674-1680
Shambhuji I...................................1680-1689
Rajaram.......................................1689-1700
Tara Bai (fem.)................................1700-1708
Shahu I.......................................1708-1749
Ramaraja......................................1749-1777
Shahu II......................................1777-1808
Pratap Singh..................................1808-1839
Shahji Raja...................................1839-1848
To Great Britain thereafter...
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MALWA An Indo-Aryan kingdom in west-central India - the tableland to the north of the Vindhya Range.
KSHATRAPA
Nahapana.......................................119-124 CE
Castana........................................fl. 120's
Rudradaman I............................fl. c. 130-150
Damajadasri I..................................170-175
Jivadaman..........................................175 d. 199
Rudrasimha I...................................175-188 d. 197
Isvaradatta....................................188-191
Rudrasimha I (restored)........................191-197
Jivadaman (restored)...........................197-199
Rudrasena I....................................200-222
Samghadaman....................................222-223
Damasena.......................................223-232
Damajadasri II.................................232-239 with...
Viradaman......................................234-238
Yasodaman I........................................239
Vijayasena.....................................239-250
Damajadasri III................................251-255
Rudrasena II...................................255-277
Visvasimha.....................................277-282
Bhartridaman...................................282-295 with...
Visvasena......................................293-304
Rudrasimha II..................................304-348 with...
Yasodaman II...................................317-332
Rudradaman II..................................332-348
Rudrasena III..................................348-380
Simhasena......................................380- ?
To the Gupta Empire 382
Rudrasena IV
Rudrasimha III............................388-395
To the Gupta Empire directly...................395-c. 750
To the Pratiharas...........................c. 750-c. 800
PARAMARA
Upendra.....................................c. 800-c. 818
Vairisimha I................................c. 818-c. 843
Siyaka I....................................c. 843-c. 893
Vakpati.....................................c. 893-c. 918
Vairisimha II...............................c. 918-c. 948
Siyaka II...................................c. 948-c. 974
Vakpatiraja.................................c. 974-c. 995
Sindhuraja..................................c. 995-c. 1010
Bhoja I....................................c. 1010-c. 1055
Jayasimha I................................c. 1055-c. 1060
Udayaditya.................................c. 1060-c. 1087
Lakshmanadeva..............................c. 1087-c. 1097
Naravarman.................................c. 1097-c. 1134
Yasovarman.................................c. 1134-c. 1142
Jayavarman I...............................c. 1142-c. 1160
Vindhyavarman..............................c. 1160-c. 1193
Subhatavarman..............................c. 1193-c. 1210
Arjunavarman I.............................c. 1210-c. 1218
Devapala...................................c. 1218-c. 1239
Jaitugideva................................c. 1239-c. 1256
Jayavarman II..............................c. 1256-c. 1269
Jayasimha II...............................c. 1269-c. 1274
Arjunavarman II............................c. 1274-c. 1283
Bhoja II...................................c. 1283- ?
Mahlakadeva..................................c. ? -c. 1305
To Delhi...................................c. 1305-1390
GHURID
Dilavar Khan Husain...........................1390-1405
Alp Khan Hushang..............................1405-1435
Ghazni Khan Muhamnmad.........................1435-1436
Mas'ud Khan........................................1436
KHALJI
Mahmud Shah I.................................1436-1469
Ghiyath Shah..................................1469-1500
Nasr Shah.....................................1500-1511
Mahmud Shah II................................1511-1531
To Gujarat....................................1531-1535
Qadirid
Qadir Shah....................................1535-1542
To the Mughal Empire..........................1542-1555
Shaja'atid
Shaja'at Khan......................................1555
Miyan Bayezid Baz Bahadur.....................1555-1562
To the Mughal Empire..........................1562-1720's
To the Maratha Confederacy..................1720's-1818
To Great Britain..............................1818-1948
To India thereafter...
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MANIPUR A region, now a State of India, located in the far northeast - it is bordered by Assam to the west, Nagaland to the north, and Burma to the east and south. It is a hilly country, and difficult to access - the dominant people here are the Meithei, a folk related to Tibetans and Burmese.
The Meithei maintain a traditional listing of sovereigns reaching back to a remote past. As I have done with other chronologies, I include this material here, with the normal caveat about taking the dating too seriously...
Taangja Leelaa Paakhangba.....................1445-1405 BCE
Ningthou Kangba...............................1405-1359
Maria Fambaalchaa.............................1359-1329
Ningthou Kaksuba..............................1329-1297
Ningthou Tonkonba.............................1297-1276
Ningthou Pottingkoi...........................1276-1251
Ningthou Laanbicha............................1251-1229
Ningthou Sapaiba..............................1229-1209
Ningthou Puthiba..............................1209-1199
Khoiyum Ingouba
Khing Khing Laangba
Ngaangjeng Leitakpa
Khing Khing Ngaangba
Sana Manik
Toukai Ngamba
Tingkoi Ngamba
Korou Nongdren Paakhangba
Sentreng (and Kuptreng the Elder)
Mechi Sanaa
Khuman Lalheiba
Ahong Ningthou Haanba
Ninghthou Kaangba
Lamyaingamba
Samlunghphaa....................................44-34
Poireiton Khunthokpa............................34-18
Singtabung......................................18-8
Paangminnaba.....................................8-1
Luwaang Khunthiba............................1 BCE-5 CE
Luwaang Punshiba.................................5-33
Nongda Lairen Pakhangba.........................33-153 sic...
Khuiyoi Tompok.................................153-263 sic...
Taothingmang...................................263-363 sic...
Khui Ningomba..................................363-378
Pengsiba.......................................378-393
Kaokhangba.....................................393-410
Naokhamba......................................410-427
Naophangba.....................................427-517
Sameiraang.....................................517-567
Uraa Konthouba.................................567-657
?
Naothingkhong..................................662-762
Khongtekchaa...................................762-772
?
Keirencha......................................783-798
Yaaraba........................................798-820
Ayaangba.......................................820-909
Ningthou Cheng.................................909-948
Chenglei Ipaan Laangba.........................948-968
Yanglou Keiphaba...............................968-983
Kainou Irengba.................................983-1073 sic...
Loiyumba......................................1073-1121
Loitongba.....................................1121-1149
Atom Yoiremba.................................1149-1162
Hemtou Iwaan Thaaba...........................1162-1194
Thawaan Thaba.................................1194-1230
Chingthaang Laanthaaba........................1230-1241
Thingbai Selhongba............................1241-1246
Puroon Thaaba.................................1246-1262
Khumomba......................................1262-1277
Moraamba......................................1277-1301
Thaangbi Laanthaaba...........................1301-1323
Kongyaamba....................................1323-1334
Telheiba......................................1334-1354
Tonaaba.......................................1354-1359
T
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