The data communication software instructs computer systems and devices of the procedure for data communication for the efficient and error-free transmission of data.

1. Data sequencing:
A long message s broken into smaller packets for error-free data transmission.

2. Data Routing
Finding the most efficient route between source and destination before sending the data.

3. Flow control:
All machines are not equal in speed. Flow control regulates the process of sending and receiving data.

4. Error Control :
Error detecting and recovering of data transmitted

Internet Protocol Stack